1.worlds largest digial camera manufacturer nokia
2.which network occupies secomd pos in the top 20 largest network operators list vodafone
3.the world’s biggest car manufacture company in terms of production in 2007, toyato0
know your english
1. what is gavel?
the wooden hammer used by the judge inthe court of law is caled gavel.
2.what is nidus?
the nest where spider keeps its eggs is called nidus...
1.Trygve Lie-first secretary general of uno
2.National Income in India is estimated by?Central Statistical Organization (C. S. O
3.Name the only Indian musician to have sung in United Nations (UN)?
Answer: M.S. Subbulakshmi
4.Which personality is known as "Fiat Palio brand champion"?
Answer: Sachin Tendulkar
5.You give me blood, I will give you freedom", was the words of which famous Indian leader?
Answer: Netaji Subhash Chandra Bosinstrument
1.Fathometer Measures depth of the ocean
2.Hygrometer Measures level of humidity
3.Udometer Rain gauge
4.Tonometer Measures the pitch of sound
5.Sphygmomanometer Measures Blood pressure
6.Ondometer Measures the frequency of electromagnetic wavessports
1.what is water drip effect? it is term to describe a situation when the players run to congratulate
a bowler before the umpire has given his decision.
2.before playing int cric for south africa what prof sport did jhonty rodes play? goal keeper of sa national hockey team
3.who wrote the famous book'by gods decree'
Friday, September 4, 2009
Monday, December 29, 2008
electronic circuits
EC1251 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I 3 1 0 100
AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of basic transistor Amplifier circuits and power supplies.
OBJECTIVE
On completion of this course the student will understand
· The methods of biasing transistors
· Design of simple amplifier circuits
· Mid – band analysis of amplifier circuits using small - signal equivalent circuits to determine gain input impedance and output impedance
· Method of calculating cutoff frequencies and to determine bandwidth
· Design of power amplifiers and heat sinks
· Analysis and design of power supplies and power control using SCR.
UNIT I TRANSISTOR BIASING 9
BJT – Need for biasing - Fixed bias circuit, Load line and quiescent point. Variation of quiescent point due to hFE variation within manufacturer’s tolerance. Stability factors. Different types of biasing circuits. Method of stabilizing the Q point to the extent possible. Advantage of Self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing. Use of Self bias circuit as a constant current circuit. Source self bias and voltage divider bias for FET. Use of JFET as a voltage variable resistor.
UNIT II MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 9
CE, CB and CC amplifiers. Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit. Midband analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and output impedance. Miller’s theorem. Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and their uses.
Basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit. Bisection theorem. Differential gain. CMRR. Use of constant current circuit to improve CMRR. Derivation of transfer characteristic, Transconductance. Use as Linear amplifier, limiter, amplitude modulator.
UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS 9
General shape of frequency response of amplifiers. Definition of cut off frequencies and bandwidth. Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cut off frequency Hybrid – pi equivalent circuit of BJTs. High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to obtain upper cut off frequency. High frequency equivalent circuit of FETs. High frequency analysis of FET amplifiers. Gain-bandwidth product of FETs. General expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers. Calculation of overall upper and lower cut off frequencies of multistage amplifiers. Amplifier rise time and sag and their relation to cut off frequencies.
UNIT IV LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 9
Classification of amplifiers (Class A, B, AB, C&D), Efficiency of class A, RC coupled and transformer-coupled power amplifiers. Class B complementary-symmetry, push-pull power amplifiers. Calculation of power output, efficiency and power dissipation. Crossover distortion and methods of eliminating it.
Heat flow calculations using analogous circuit. Calculation of actual power handling capacity of transistors with and without heat sink. Heat sink design.
UNIT V RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES 9
Half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers with resistive load. Analysis for Vdc and ripple voltage with C, CL, L-C and C-L-C filters. Voltage multipliers Zenerdiode regulator. Electronically regulated d.c power supplies. Line regulation, output resistance and temperature coefficient. Switched mode power supplies. Power control using SCR.
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman J. and Halkias .C., " Integrated Electronics ", Tata McGraw-Hill.
REFERENCES
1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, 8th edn., PHI, 2002.
2. S.Salivahanan, et.al, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”, TMH, 1998.
3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
4. I.J. Nagrath, Electronics – Analog and Digital, PHI, 1999.
third sem syllabus
MA1254 Random PRocessES 3 1 0 100
AIM
This course aims at providing the necessary basic concepts in random processes. A knowledge of fundamentals and applications of phenomena will greatly help in the understanding of topics such a estimation and detection, pattern recognition, voice and image processing networking and queuing.
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course, the students would
· Have a fundamental knowledge of the basic probability concepts.
· Have a well – founded knowledge of standard distributions which can describe real life phenomena.
· Acquire skills in handling situations involving more than one random variable and functions of random variables.
· Understand and characterize phenomena which evolve with respect to time in probabilistic manner.
· Be able to analyze the response of random inputs to linear time invariant systems.
UNIT I PROBABILITY AND RANDOM VARIABLE 9 +3
Axioms of probability - Conditional probability - Total probability – Baye’s theorem - Random variable - Probability mass function - Probability density functions- Properties –Moments - Moment generating functions and their properties.
UNIT II STANDARD DISTRIBUTIONS 9 +3
Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Weibull and Normal distributions and their properties - Functions of a random variable.
UNIT III TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 9 + 3
Joint distributions - Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance - Correlation and regression - Transformation of random variables - Central limit theorem.
UNIT IV Classification of RANDOM PROCESSES 9 + 3
Definition and examples - first order, second order, strictly stationary, wide – sense stationary and Ergodic processes - Markov process - Binomial, Poisson and
UNIT V Correlation and spectral densities 9 + 3
Auto correlation - Cross correlation - Properties – Power spectral density – Cross spectral density - Properties – Wiener-Khintchine relation – Relationship between cross power spectrum and cross correlation function - Linear time invariant system - System transfer function –Linear systems with random inputs – Auto correlation and cross correlation functions of input and output.
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL: 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Ross, S., “A First Course in Probability”, Fifth edition, Pearson Education,
2. Peebles Jr. P.Z., “Probability Random Variables and Random Signal Principles”, Tata McGraw-Hill Pubishers, Fourth Edition,
REFERENCES
1. Henry Stark and John W. Woods “Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing”, Pearson Education, Third edition,
2. Veerarajan. T., “Probabilitiy, Statistics and Random process”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications, Second Edition,
3. Ochi, M.K. , “Applied Probability and Stochastic Process”, John Wiley & Sons,
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